Dr. Layton - Published Articles

ENVIRONMENTALLY SICK SCHOOLS

Sick Building Syndrome is now acknowledged to be a significant medical concern. In 1990, approximately 200 employees developed multiple medical symptoms while working at the Environmental Protection Agency. The acclaimed PBS NOVA Series presented a one hour program on Sick Building Syndrome during the winter of 1996.

Indoor pollution is now acknowledged to be at least ten times more dangerous than outdoor pollution. As of 1991, over 350 indoor air pollutants had been identified.

Sick Building Syndrome appears to have increased since the mid 1970's when this country was faced with the energy crisis. Specifically, due to the rapid increase in fuel costs, buildings over the past twenty years have been built with more insulation and no windows. Because of increased insulation, problems with molds, dust, chemicals, and perfume have triggered more medical problems in the workplace and the school room.

In looking for underlying causes for environmentally sick schools-- dust, molds, gas and oil heating, cleaning agents, construction materials, petrochemicals, fluorescent lights, formaldehyde, carpet, and new paint are significant underlying reasons for the increasing health problem affected by our schools.

The result of environmental sick schools is that more children are having difficulty learning, increased susceptibility to infections, and difficult behavior. Symptoms including headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, nasal congestion, asthma, poor concentration, moodiness, depression, fatigue, and hyperactivity can be caused by poor air quality in our school rooms.

A good way to understand why certain children are developing more infections and behavior problems is to understand the overload concept. Specifically, certain children and adults can be overloaded with dust, mold, and food problems on a particular day and be more susceptible to getting sick and/or more behavioral difficulties. Unfortunately, this scenario is happening much more frequently in recent years.

Because of the increase in symptoms secondary to environmentally sick schools, our office has started using special equipment to collect air samples from the school room. The following is a medical history describing how this equipment was used to help one of our patients. Michael is a 11-year old male who was initially seen in our office approximately two years ago for the following diagnoses:

  1. Allergies
  2. Headaches
  3. Fatigue
  4. Recurrent Otitis Media and Sinusitis

Immunotherapy consists of treatment for 15 molds, 17 foods, 4 additives, 8 inhalants, cat and dog. Over the past two years, Michael's problems with recurrent infections, nasal symptoms, eye redness, headaches, attention span and concentration have been very well controlled on immunotherapy. Both parents noticed that if immunotherapy was missed for several days in a row, Michael was more susceptible to nasal symptoms and headaches.

When totally evaluated, Michael's mother informed me that he had enrolled at a new school in September which was 25 years old. Michael had developed headaches, decreased attention span, and eye redness by the second to third period while in school. After being home for one hour these symptoms abated, but he had difficulty completing homework assignments. Michael's grades the first quarter continued to be A's and B's except for 1 F the second period and 1 D the third period. Because of declining grades, increased headaches, decreased attention span and concentration, and increased fatigue while in school, special equipment was used to collect air samples from the school room. Allergy testing with the school air allergen provoked headaches, fatigue, increased activity level, and a pulse increase of 16 with the first dilution. After five dilutions, we were able to obtain a treatment dose for school air.

One week after starting the immunotherapy for school air Michael noticed that his energy level was normal, headaches were well-controlled, and he was able to complete homework. This child represents a patient whose allergies, recurrent infections, headaches, fatigue, and attention span problems were well controlled for almost two years on appropriate immunotherapy. Unfortunately, exposure to a "Sick Building" school with a mold problem, caused a re-exacerbation of many of his symptoms. Immunotherapy to deal with a school air quality problem was appropriately tested and treated, resulting in good improvement.

To determine if a child is having specific difficulties with pollens, molds, chemicals or foods one approach is to use five criteria in evaluating your child. Specifically, appearance (which includes dark circles under the eyes), changes in behavior, increased pulse with reactions to environmental factors, monitor breathing with a peak flow meter and observe the child's ability to write his name. If these five criteria to evaluate a reaction are abnormal, it is important to evaluate environmental allergies and hypersensitivities as an underlying reason for a child's difficulty with infections, ability to learn and behavior.

The time has come for us to pay more attention to our children's school and home environment. We must start cleaning up the dust and molds in the indoor air as well as reduce the various chemicals that are present in buildings, improve ventilation, and use better and safer chemical materials. It is imperative that the public and the medical community be educated regarding environmentally sick buildings. Our children need and require a safe environment to learn, grow, and reach full potential.